Materials 15.22 (2022): 8274.
The solubilization and thermodynamic analysis of isotretinoin (ITN) in eleven distinct green solvents, such as water, methyl alcohol (MeOH), ethyl alcohol (EtOH), 1-butyl alcohol (1-BuOH), 2-butyl alcohol (2-BuOH), ethane-1,2-diol (EG), propane-1,2-diol (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), ethyl acetate (EA), Transcutol-HP (THP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was studied at several temperatures and a fixed atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium approach was used to measure the solubility of ITN, and the Apelblat, van't Hoff, and Buchowski-Ksiazczak lh models were used to correlate the results. The overall uncertainties were less than 5.0% for all the models examined. The highest ITN mole fraction solubility was achieved as 1.01 * 10-1 in DMSO at 318.2 K; however, the least was achieved as 3.16 * 10-7 in water at 298.2 K. ITN solubility was found to be enhanced with an increase in temperature and the order in which it was soluble in several green solvents at 318.2 K was as follows: DMSO (1.01 * 10-1) > EA (1.73 * 10-2) > PEG-400 (1.66 * 10-2) > THP (1.59 * 10-2) > 2-BuOH (6.32 * 10-3) > 1-BuOH (5.88 * 10-3) > PG (4.83 * 10-3) > EtOH (3.51 * 10-3) > EG (3.49 * 10-3) > MeOH (2.10 * 10-3) > water (1.38 * 10-6). ITN-DMSO showed the strongest solute-solvent interactions when compared to the other ITN and green solvent combinations. According to thermodynamic studies, ITN dissolution was endothermic and entropy-driven in all of the green solvents tested. The obtained outcomes suggested that DMSO appears to be the best green solvent for ITN solubilization.
