What are nucleotides made of? Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide is composed of three main components: a nitrogenous base, a […]
We have introduced antibiotics before, and its invention makes bacterial infections no longer a fear. However, there is a more terrifying microorganism-virus. Viruses are highly dependent on other living organisms […]
The birth of penicillin in 1943 opened the golden age of antimicrobial therapy. However, after the 1980s, large pharmaceutical companies faced major scientific challenges in finding new antibiotics to solve […]
Exatecan Mesylate is a semi-synthetic water-soluble derivative of camptothecin. It is a new type of topoisomerase I inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. The anhydrous, alkali-free form of the drug is called […]
Pseudouridine (PU) is also called 5-ribosyluracil. Pseudouridine is a modified nucleoside and is an isomer of uridine. The connection method is that the 5-position carbon atom (C-5) on the heterocyclic […]
RNA not only acts as an intermediate or effector molecule in protein synthesis, but also has a direct functional effect on gene expression. Therefore, the importance of RNA modification has […]
1. What is “Pharmaceutics” Medicines are drug-delivery systems, which very rarely drugs alone but require additives (termed excipients) to make them into dosage forms. The word “pharmaceutics” is used in […]
Introducation Nucleosides, composing of a nucleobase (A, T, C, G or U) and a pentofuranose (ribose or 2-deoxyribose), are the fundamental units of the genetic material (DNA and RNA) for […]
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) refers to the barrier between blood plasma and brain cells formed by brain capillary walls and glial cells, and the barrier between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid […]
In vitro diagnostic (IVD) reagents refer to products such as reagents, kits, and standards for in vitro testing of human samples. In the development and production of in vitro diagnostic […]